翻訳と辞書
Words near each other
・ Water Supplies Department
・ Water supply
・ Water Resources in India
・ Water resources in Mexico
・ Water resources law
・ Water resources management in Argentina
・ Water resources management in Belize
・ Water resources management in Bolivia
・ Water resources management in Brazil
・ Water resources management in Chile
・ Water resources management in Colombia
・ Water resources management in Costa Rica
・ Water resources management in El Salvador
・ Water resources management in Guatemala
・ Water resources management in Honduras
Water resources management in Jamaica
・ Water resources management in Mexico
・ Water resources management in modern Egypt
・ Water resources management in Nicaragua
・ Water resources management in Pakistan
・ Water resources management in Peru
・ Water resources management in Syria
・ Water resources management in the Dominican Republic
・ Water resources management in Uruguay
・ Water resources of China
・ Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2013
・ Water Resources Research
・ Water Resources Research Act
・ Water Resources University (Vietnam)
・ Water restrictions in Australia


Dictionary Lists
翻訳と辞書 辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ]
スポンサード リンク

Water resources management in Jamaica : ウィキペディア英語版
Water resources management in Jamaica

The management of Jamaica's freshwater resources is primarily the domain and responsibility of the National Water Commission (NWC). The duties of providing service and water infrastructure maintenance for rural communities across Jamaica are shared with the Parish Councils. Where possible efficiencies have been identified, the NWC has outsourced various operations to the private sector.
Water supplies are adequate to meet the demands of all sectors; however, the supplies are not located close to where most of the population lives. This has created inconsistent delivery of water to the citizens and has fostered new efforts at improving the water delivery systems of Jamaica. Other challenges include the lack of clear communication and effective coordination between the relevant water management institutions, however, efforts are being made here as well to improve on this deficiency.
Physical water resources in Jamaica consist of ample groundwater captured in both limestone and alluvial aquifers and many important rivers that provide a good source of water for the agriculture communities of the rural highlands and coastal lowlands. Groundwater provides about 85% of the countries water needs. The NWC satisfies about 78% of the total demand for water whereby approximately 95% of the urban population has access to water while only about 75% of the rural populations have obtained access.
Important to the recent history of Jamaica freshwater water legislation is the Water Resources Act of 1995 that created a National Water Plan. This water plan set out to develop, protect, and better manage the water resources of Jamaica so that a growing unmet demand for water could be addressed and successfully resolved.
==Water management challenges==
There is concern that over-exploitation, industrial effluents and sewage wastes are affecting aquifers and surface waters at an alarming rate. As much as 10% of the groundwater resource has been either abandoned or use is restricted due to saline intrusion or pollution. Fifty percent of the unused water resources in the Liguanea Basin serving the Kingston and St. Andrew area are contaminated with nitrates.
While water coverage is good at around 95%, reliability of supply to urban households and industrial users is often erratic. Sufficient water exists in the island to meet all water demands, but the water resources are not necessarily located close to the major centers of water use. The infrastructure to move water to the areas where it is needed is inadequate in some parts
of the country. The root of Jamaica’s problems in the urban water sector are complex. Difficulty in securing the proper financial resources is problematic as the National Water Commission (NWC) has incurred losses. The NWC comes close to covering its operating costs, but does not generate any surplus, therefore finances for investment are not available.〔
To help deal with the cash shortfalls, the NWC relies on the Government to finance new infrastructure. Competing demands on the Government’s budget mean that this source has not been adequate to provide for the water infrastructure needs of the country. In spite of numerous interventions by the Government to make the NWC more commercially focused, the desired results have not been achieved for a number of reasons, including: i) the absence of timely and adequate tariff adjustments; ii) an increase in the area served by the NWC; iii) and insufficient capital to upgrade the water facilities and infrastructures.〔
Providing water to rural residents is a considerable challenge as well. Lower population densities mean that the cost of water provision in rural areas is often higher than in urban areas, while lower incomes in many rural areas make it difficult for some customers to meet the full cost of high quality services. This decreases the likelihood that the private sector will be willing to engage into the rural water sector.〔

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Water resources management in Jamaica」の詳細全文を読む



スポンサード リンク
翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース

Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.